Key Concepts
Chemical Bonding:
- Core electrons are found close to the nucleus.
- Valence electrons are what is responsible for holding two or more bonds.
- Ionic Bonds: Transfer electrons (gained or lost). These bonds are formed when the electrons in the valence shells are being shared. Ions are strongly bonded together by electrostatic attraction.
1) Structure is rigid (unable to bend)
2) Has high melting point
3) Cations and anions are held together by opposite charges (electrostatic attraction)
- Covalent Bonds: Are when the atoms are sharing electrons. Nonmetals hang on to their valence electrons, meaning they can't share their electrons with other atoms.
- Metallic Bonds: Metals are held together by metallic bonds (hence, METALLIC BOND). They're very weak at holding their valence electrons together.
Octet Rule:
- When bonding occurs, there should be eight electrons in the outer shell of the atoms that are being bonded together.
- There are two ways an atom may receive an octet
a) By Transfer of electrons in it's outer shell
b) By sharing one or more pairs of electrons
Types of Bonds:
1) Single Bonds- Bonds in which a pair of electrons are being shared by two atoms
2) Double Bonds- Bonds in which two pairs of electrons are being shared between two atoms
3) Triple Bonds- Bonds in which three pairs of electrons are being shared by two atoms.
- Core electrons are found close to the nucleus.
- Valence electrons are what is responsible for holding two or more bonds.
- Ionic Bonds: Transfer electrons (gained or lost). These bonds are formed when the electrons in the valence shells are being shared. Ions are strongly bonded together by electrostatic attraction.
1) Structure is rigid (unable to bend)
2) Has high melting point
3) Cations and anions are held together by opposite charges (electrostatic attraction)
- Covalent Bonds: Are when the atoms are sharing electrons. Nonmetals hang on to their valence electrons, meaning they can't share their electrons with other atoms.
- Metallic Bonds: Metals are held together by metallic bonds (hence, METALLIC BOND). They're very weak at holding their valence electrons together.
Octet Rule:
- When bonding occurs, there should be eight electrons in the outer shell of the atoms that are being bonded together.
- There are two ways an atom may receive an octet
a) By Transfer of electrons in it's outer shell
b) By sharing one or more pairs of electrons
Types of Bonds:
1) Single Bonds- Bonds in which a pair of electrons are being shared by two atoms
2) Double Bonds- Bonds in which two pairs of electrons are being shared between two atoms
3) Triple Bonds- Bonds in which three pairs of electrons are being shared by two atoms.